Suppose that x, y, and z are numbers.
The Commutative Laws
The Commutative Law of Addition
The Commutative Law of Multiplication
The Associative Laws
The Associative Law of Addition
The Associative Law of Multiplication
The Distributive Law
The Identity Properties
The Zero Property
There exists a number,   , such that  
 
The Multiplicative Identity Property
There exists a number,   , such that for any number  
 ,  
   Multiplying one by a number results in that number.
To be complete, we state also that   .
Inverse Properties
The Additive Inverse
For any number   , there exists a number x such that  
 
The Multiplicative Inverse
If    is any number except 0, there exists a number x such that  
 
Laws of Equality
The Reflexive Property:
   
The Symmetric Property:
If   , then  
The Transitive Property:
If   , and  
 , then  
  
If   , then  
If   , then  
Laws of Inequality
If   , then  
If    and  
 , then  
If    and  
 , then  

